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Brief History. In the mid-eighteenth century, a unified emirate was established by Ahmed Shah Durani. Eventually, the country was controlled by Britain, and it was not until 1919 that Afghanistan achieved full independence under Amanullah Khan, who was proclaimed king. The monarchy was overthrown in a military-led coup in 1973 and the country descended into a civil war, following the 1979 Soviet invasion. A decade later the USSR withdrew. Turmoil has continued to dog the country with the rise of the extreme fundamentalist Taliban, which since 1995, have overrun the country and instituted a strict Islamic-based regime. In late 2001 in wake of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the United States began providing air and ground support to the forces fighting the Taliban. The Taliban regime was defeated and an interim government led by Hamid Karzai.

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Country Information

Local name: Afghanestan

Capital: Kabul

Population: 31,056,997

Government: Islamic republic

Currency: afghani (AFA)

Land size: 647,500 sq km

Topography: mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest

Typical foods: Kofta, Kadu Bouranee, Spice Rub, Bichak...

Major exports: opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems

Information on the People

Official language: Afghan Persian or Dari 50%, Pashtu 35%

Other languages spoken: Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

Religions: Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 19%, other 1%

Literacy rate: 36%

Male/Female Ratio: 1.05 male(s) to every 1 female (2006 est.)

Life expectancy: 43.34 years

Ethnic groups: Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%, other 4%

Internet users: 25,000

Famous people: Ahmad Shah Abdali

  

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