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Brief History. Europeans first explored the region in the early 1500s, and in 1776 formed a number of colonies, Including Argentina. Argentina declared independence from Spain in 1816, after which it experienced periods of internal conflict between conservatives and liberals and between civilian and military factions. After World War II, a long period of Peronist authoritarian rule and interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983, and has persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests and the resignation of several interim presidents.

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Country Information

Local name: Argentina

Capital: Buenos Aires

Population: 39,921,833

Government: republic

Currency: Argentine peso (ARS)

Land size: total: 2,766,890 sq km

Topography: rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border

Typical foods:

Major exports: edible oils, fuels and energy, cereals, feed, motor vehicles

Information on the People

Official language: Spanish

Other languages spoken: English, Italian, German, French

Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4%

Literacy rate: 97.1%

Male/Female Ratio: 0.97 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 76.12 years

Ethnic groups: white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry), Amerindian, or other non-white groups 3%

Internet users: 10 million

Famous people: Che Guevara, Diego Maradona

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