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Brief History. This ancient region has been occupied by a variety of nations including the indigenous nomadic Azeris, as well as Persians, Muslims, Arabs, Turks, Mongols, and finally Russians who eventually gained the upper hand through the Treaty of Turkmenchai (1828), which gave them the northern part of the land. Persia got the southern half. Though the first republic established in 1918 was overthrown in 1920 by the Soviet Red Army, a separate Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic did come into being. During the period under Soviet domination, the country underwent industrial growth, collectivization of agriculture, and religious persecution. Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over the Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh enclave

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Country Information

Local name: Azarbaycan

Capital: Baku (Baki, Baky)

Population: 7,961,619

Government: republic

Currency: Azerbaijani manat (AZM)

Land size: total: 86,600 sq km

Topography: large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea

Typical foods:

Major exports: oil and gas 90%, machinery, cotton, foodstuffs
Information on the People

Official language: Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%

Other languages spoken: Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6%

Religions: Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8%

Literacy rate: 98.8%

Male/Female Ratio: 0.94 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 63.85 years

Ethnic groups: Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.9%

Internet users: 408,000

Famous people:

  

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