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Brief History. After being ruled by Purtugal for three centuries, Brazil became an independent nation in 1822 and a republic in 1889. Brazil is by far the largest and most populous country in South America. In 1985 the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Today, Brazil is South America's leading economic power and a regional leader due to exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool. Highly unequal income distribution remains a pressing problem.

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Country Information

Local name: Brasil

Capital: Brasilia

Population: 188,078,227

Government: federative republic

Currency: real (BRL)

Land size: 8,511,965 sq km

Topography: mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt

Typical foods: Feijoada

Major exports: transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos

Information on the People

Official language: Portuguese

Other languages spoken: Spanish, English, French

Religions: Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spiritualist 1.3%, Bantu/voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%, none 7.4%

Literacy rate: 86.4%

Male/Female Ratio: 0.98 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 71.97 years

Ethnic groups: white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7%

Internet users: 25.9 million

Famous people: Pelé, Ronaldinho

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