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Brief History. Canada's earliest inhabitants arrived via the Bering land bridge 15,000 years ago and the first Europeans were the Vikings who established a short-lived colony in Newfoundland. In 1663 New France was organized as a French colony, but the French lost Canada to the British in the French and Indian war which lasted from 1756-63. During the US Revolutionary War 40,00 loyalist fled the American colonies for Canada. The US failed to capture Canada during the War of 1812. Today, Canada is independent and highly developed republic.

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Country Information

Local name: Canada

Capital: Ottawa

Population: 33,098,932

Government: constitutional monarchy that is also a parliamentary democracy and a federation

Currency: Canadian dollar (CAD)

Land size: 9,984,670 sq km

Topography: mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast

Typical foods: poutine, maple syrup

Major exports: motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum

Information on the People

Official language: English, French

Other languages spoken:

Religions: Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (including United Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16%

Literacy rate: 99%

Male/Female Ratio: 0.98 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 80.22 years

Ethnic groups: British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26%

Internet users: 20.9 million

Famous people: Bryan Adams, Neil Young

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