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Brief History. Nominally independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty following World War II. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile river in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to ready the economy for the new millennium through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure

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Country Information

Local name: Misr

Capital: Cairo

Population: 78,887,007

Government: republic

Currency: Egyptian pound (EGP)

Land size: 1,001,450 sq km

Topography: vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta

Typical foods:

Major exports: crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals

Information on the People

Official language: Arabic

Other languages spoken: English and French widely understood by educated classes

Religions: Muslim (mostly Sunni) 90%, Coptic 9%, other Christian 1%

Literacy rate: 57.7%

Male/Female Ratio: 1.02 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 71.29 years

Ethnic groups: Egyptian 98%, Berber, Nubian, Bedouin, and Beja 1%, Greek, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1%

Internet users: 5 million

Famous people: Yasser Arafat, Cleopatra

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