Finland Flag

Brief History. Finland was a province, before it became a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th cenuturies, and finally an autonoous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. Full independence was acquired in 1917. During World War II, it successfuly defended its freedom, and resistet invasion by the Soviet Union. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy. Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999.

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Country Information

Local name: Suomi

Capital: Helsinki

Population: 5,231,372

Government: republic

Currency: euro (EUR)

Land size: 338,145 sq km

Topography: mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills

Typical foods: Karelian pasties, mämmi, hernekeitto (Finnish yellow pea soup)

Major exports: machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp
Information on the People

Official language: Finnish 92%, Swedish 5.6%

Other languages spoken: other 2.4% (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities)

Religions: Lutheran National Church 84.2%, Greek Orthodox in Finland 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 13.5%

Literacy rate: 100%

Male/Female Ratio: 0.96 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 78.5 years

Ethnic groups: Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Russian 0.4%, Estonian 0.2%, Roma 0.2%, Sami 0.1%

Internet users: 3.286 million

Famous people: Linus Torvalds

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