Iraq Flag

Brief History. Iraq became an independent kingdom in 1932. A "republic" was proclaimed in 1958, but in actuality a series of military strongmen have ruled the country since then, the latest being Saddam Husayn. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990 Iraq seized Kuwait, but was expelled by US-led, UN coalition forces during January-February 1991. The victors did not occupy Iraq, however, thus allowing the regime to stay in control. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN

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Country Information

Local name: Al Iraq

Capital: Baghdad

Population: 26,783,383

Government: transitional democracy

Currency: New Iraqi dinar (NID)

Land size: 437,072 sq km

Topography: mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey

Typical foods:

Major exports: crude oil (83.9%), crude materials excluding fuels (8.0%), food and live animals (5.0%)

Information on the People

Official language: Arabic, Kurdish

Other languages spoken: Assyrian, Armenian

Religions: Muslim 97% (Shi'a 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3%

Literacy rate: 40.4%

Male/Female Ratio: 1.02 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 69.01 years

Ethnic groups: Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%

Internet users: 36,000

Famous people: Saddam Hussein, Muqtada al Sadr

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