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Brief History. Following World War II, the British withdrew from their mandate of Palestine, and the UN partitioned the area into Arab and Jewish states, an arrangement rejected by the Arabs. Subsequently, the Israelis defeated the Arabs in a series of wars without ending the deep tensions between the two sides. In keeping with the framework established at the Madrid Conference in October 1991, bilateral negotiations are being conducted between Israel and Palestinian representatives (from the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip) and Israel and Syria, to achieve a permanent settlement. On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace. On 25 May 2000, Israel withdrew unilaterally from southern Lebanon, which it had occupied since 1982.

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Country Information

Local name: Yisra'el

Capital: Jerusalem

Population: 6,352,117

Government: parliamentary democracy

Currency: new Israeli shekel (ILS)

Land size: 20,770 sq km

Topography: Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley

Typical foods: felafel

Major exports: machinery and equipment, software, cut diamonds, agricultural products, chemicals, textiles and apparel

Information on the People

Official language: Hebrew

Other languages spoken: Arabic used officially for Arab minority, English most commonly used foreign language

Religions: Jewish 76.5%, Muslim 15.9%, Arab Christians 1.7%, other Christian 0.4%, Druze 1.6%, unspecified 3.9%

Literacy rate: 95.4%

Male/Female Ratio: 0.99 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 79.46 years

Ethnic groups: Jewish 80.1% (Europe/America-born 32.1%, Israel-born 20.8%, Africa-born 14.6%, Asia-born 12.6%), non-Jewish 19.9% (mostly Arab)

Internet users: 3.2 million

Famous people: Uri Geller, Netanyahu Jonah

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