Kazakhstan Flag - Kazakhstani Flag

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Brief History. Native Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes migrated into the region in the 13th. The area was conquered by Russia in the 18th century, and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936. During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural "Virgin Lands" program, Soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some other deported nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Current issues include: developing a cohesive national identity; expanding the development of the country's vast energy resources and exporting them to world markets; achieving a sustainable economic growth outside the oil, gas, and mining sectors; and strengthening relations with neighboring states and other foreign powers.

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Country Information

Local name: Qazaqstan

Capital: Astana

Population: 15,233,244

Government: republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch

Currency: tenge (KZT)

Land size: 2,717,300 sq km

Topography: extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oases and desert in Central Asia

Typical foods:

Major exports: oil and oil products 58%, ferrous metals 24%, chemicals 5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal

Information on the People

Official language: Kazakh, Russian

Other languages spoken:

Religions: Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%

Literacy rate: 98.4%

Male/Female Ratio: 0.93 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 66.89 years

Ethnic groups: Kazakh (Qazaq) 53.4%, Russian 30%, Ukrainian 3.7%, Uzbek 2.5%, German 2.4%, Tatar 1.7%, Uygur 1.4%, other 4.9%

Internet users: 400,000

Famous people:

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