Mauritania Flag

Brief History. In the early 1400s the Portuguese arrived to trade. Their dominance in the area was unchallenged for the next one hundred years when the British, French, and Dutch each contested Portuguese control. The French made the region a protectorate in 1903 and a colony in 1920, granting self-government in 1958. Independence followed in 1960. Border clashes with Senegal as well as racial and religious conflicts have made it a difficult challenge to grow the economy.

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Country Information

Local name: Muritaniyah

Capital: Nouakchott

Population: 3,177,388

Government: republic

Currency: ouguiya (MRO)

Land size: 1,030,700 sq km

Topography: mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills

Typical foods:

Major exports: iron ore, fish and fish products, gold
Information on the People

Official language: Arabic

Other languages spoken: Pulaar, Soninke, French, Hassaniya, Wolof

Religions: Muslim 100%

Literacy rate: 41.7%

Male/Female Ratio: 0.98 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 53.12 years

Ethnic groups: mixed Maur/black 40%, Moor 30%, black 30%

Internet users: 14,000

Famous people:

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