Mexico Flag

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Brief History. Mexico's history extends back to the Mayas, the Toltecs, and the Aztecs, among others. When Spain entered Tenochtitlan in 1519, the days of the Aztecs were numbered, and Spain captured the city (now the site of Mexico City itself) and, at its largest, the Spanish empire eventually came to include the land extending from California to Panama, and from the Caribbean to the Philippines. But as Spain weakened in the beginning of the 19th century, the desire for independence on the part of its colonists was heating up. Throughout the 19th and till the mid-20th centuries, dictators vied with reformers, puppets, or heroes for power. A colorful collection of politicians and statesmen have held power in Mexico and while the country has made huge strides economically and politically in the last half-century, it remains a country beset with problems including corruption, a damaged environment, an intermittent brain drain, and occasional guerilla activity on behalf of the Indian populations.

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Country Information

Local name: Mexico

Capital: Mexico (Distrito Federal)

Population: 107,449,525

Government: federal republic

Currency: Mexican peso (MXN)

Land size: 1,972,550 sq km

Topography: high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert

Typical foods: burrito, taco, mole, chile relleno, chiles en nogada

Major exports: manufactured goods, oil and oil products, silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton

Information on the People

Official language: Spanish

Other languages spoken: various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages

Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, other 5%

Literacy rate: 92.2%

Male/Female Ratio: 0.96 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 75.41 years

Ethnic groups: mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%

Internet users: 16,995,400

Famous people: Salma Hayek, Carlos Santana

  

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