Mongolia Flag

Brief History. The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis Khan they conquered a huge Eurasian empire. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and later came under Chinese rule. Thanks to the Soviet backing, Mongolia won its independence in 1921, and a Communist regime was installed in 1924. The ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) won elections in 1990 and 1992, but was defeated by the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) in the 1996 parliamentary election.

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Country Information

Local name: Mongol Uls

Capital: Ulaanbaatar

Population: 2,832,224

Government: mixed parliamentary/presidential

Currency: togrog/tugrik (MNT)

Land size: 1,564,116 sq km

Topography: vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central

Typical foods:

Major exports: copper, apparel, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals

Information on the People

Official language: Khalkha Mongol 90%

Other languages spoken: Turkic, Russian

Religions: Buddhist Lamaist 50%, none 40%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4%

Literacy rate: 97.8%

Male/Female Ratio: 1 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 64.89 years

Ethnic groups: Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1%

Internet users: 200,000

Famous people: Chinggis Khan

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