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Brief History. This region was inhabited by a flourishing civilization by the 4th century A.D. In 1951, the Nepalese monarch ended the century-old system of rule by hereditary premiers and instituted a cabinet system of government. Reforms in 1990 established a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy. The refugee issue of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of these displaced persons are housed in seven United Nations Offices of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps.

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Country Information

Local name: Nepal

Capital: Kathmandu

Population: 28,287,147

Government: parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy

Currency: Nepalese rupee (NPR)

Land size: 147,181 sq km

Topography: Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north

Typical foods:

Major exports: carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain

Information on the People

Official language: Nepali 47.8%

Other languages spoken: Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu (Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi 2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5%

Religions: Hindu 80.6%, Buddhist 10.7%, Muslim 4.2%, Kirant 3.6%, other 0.9%

Literacy rate: 48.6%

Male/Female Ratio: 1.06 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 60.18 years

Ethnic groups: Chhettri 15.5%, Brahman-Hill 12.5%, Magar 7%, Tharu 6.6%, Tamang 5.5%, Newar 5.4%, Muslim 4.2%, Kami 3.9%, Yadav 3.9%, other 32.7%, unspecified 2.8%

Internet users: 175,000

Famous people: Buddha

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