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Brief History. During the first half of the 19th century, the island was settled by both Britain and France. The island was made a French possession in 1853. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s ended in the 1998 Noumea Accord, which over a period of 15 to 20 years will transfer an increasing amount of governing responsibility from France to New Caledonia. The agreement also commits France to conduct as many as three referenda between 2013 and 2018, to decide whether New Caledonia should assume full sovereignty and independence.

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Country Information

Local name: Nouvelle-Caledonie

Capital: Noumea

Population: 219,246

Government: overseas territory of France since 1956

Currency: Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)

Land size: 19,060 sq km

Topography: coastal plains with interior mountains

Typical foods:

Major exports: ferronickels, nickel ore, fish

Information on the People

Official language: French

Other languages spoken: Melanesian-Polynesian dialects

Religions: Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%

Literacy rate: 91%

Male/Female Ratio: 1.01 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 74.27 years

Ethnic groups: Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%

Internet users: 70,000

Famous people:

  

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