Nigeria Flag

Brief History. Five hundred years before Christ, there arose in central Nigeria a culture that was among the most advanced and richest of the ancient world and it stretched from Africa to Europe and the Middle East. Portugal was the first European power to establish trading stations in the 1400s, but control was taken over by Britain shortly. The tide changed after Britain abolished slavery and sought to eliminate slave trading. In 1861, Nigeria was made a British colony and in 1906, land east of the Niger River was incorporated into the colony. Slowly, Britain began to prepare the country for self-rule and in 1999, the first popularly-elected president in 16 years came into office.

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Country Information

Local name: Nigeria

Capital: Abuja

Population: 131,859,731

Government: federal republic

Currency: naira (NGN)

Land size: 923,768 sq km

Topography: southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north

Typical foods:

Major exports: petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber

Information on the People

Official language: English

Other languages spoken: Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani

Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%

Literacy rate: 68%

Male/Female Ratio: 1.02 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 47.08 years

Ethnic groups: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%

Internet users: 1,769,700

Famous people: Francis Arinze, Philip Emeagwali

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