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Brief History. Though its indigenous population is ancient, Europeans first came to the area in the 19th century; it was made a German protectorate in 1899 and turned over to Belgian control by the League of Nations after World War I. After the Second World War, Rwanda was made a UN trusteeship. Independence was declared in July 1962, after several years of turmoil between the Tutsi and the Hutu tribes. In an exodus of mind-boggling proportions at least a million Rwandans were displaced by civil war that raged in the 1990s. Untold numbers of citizens were killed as the violence continued. It was not until 1999, that things seemed to be calming down, but renewed violence has continued to occur.

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Country Information

Local name: Rwanda

Capital: Kigali

Population: 8,648,248

Government: republic; presidential, multiparty system

Currency: Rwandan franc (RWF)

Land size: 26,338 sq km

Topography: mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east

Typical foods:

Major exports: coffee, tea, hides, tin ore

Information on the People

Official language: Kinyarwanda, French, English

Other languages spoken: Kiswahili

Religions: Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant 26%, Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7%

Literacy rate: 70.4%

Male/Female Ratio: 0.99 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 47.3 years

Ethnic groups: Hutu 84%, Tutsi 15%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%

Internet users: 38,000

Famous people:

  

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