Somalia Flag

Brief History. The Arabs came to Somalia some fourteen centuries ago. Over 800 years later, the Portuguese arrived, building forts and creating settlements. The northern part of the country came under British control in the early 19th century, while Italy dominated the south by the early 20th century. The two parts of what was known as Somaliland -- protectorate British Somaliland and the former Italian Somaliland -- became Somalia in 1960. Somalia sustained dreadful starvation and refugee conditions as a result of a severe drought in the early 1990s. Flooding in 1998 killed thousands and left hundred of thousands without a home; coupled with renewed inter-clan violence and the looming threat of famine, Somalia continues to face difficult times ahead.

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Country Information

Local name: Somalia

Capital: Mogadishu

Population: 8,863,338

Government: no permanent national government; transitional, parliamentary federal government

Currency: Somali shilling (SOS)

Land size: 637,657 sq km

Topography: mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north

Typical foods:

Major exports: livestock, bananas, hides, fish, charcoal, scrap metal

Information on the People

Official language: Somali

Other languages spoken: Arabic, Italian, English

Religions: Sunni Muslim

Literacy rate: 37.8%

Male/Female Ratio: 1 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 48.47 years

Ethnic groups: Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15%

Internet users: 89,000

Famous people: Iman

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