Sudan Flag

Brief History. Military dictatorships favoring an Islamic-oriented government have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan has been embroiled in a civil war for all but 10 years of this period (1972-82). Since 1983, the war and war- and famine-related effects have led to more than 2 million deaths and over 4 million people displaced. The war pits the Arab/Muslim majority in Khartoum against the non-Muslim African rebels in the south. Since 1989, traditional northern Muslim parties have made common cause with the southern rebels and entered the war as a part of an anti-government alliance.

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Country Information

Local name: As-Sudan

Capital: Khartoum

Population: 41,236,378

Government: Government of National Unity (GNU) - the National Congress Party (NCP) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) formed a power-sharing government under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA); the NCP, which came to power by military coup in 1989, is the majority partner; the agreement stipulates national elections for the 2008 - 2009 timeframe.

Currency: Sudanese dinar (SDD)

Land size: 2,505,810 sq km

Topography: generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far south, northeast and west; desert dominates the north

Typical foods:

Major exports: oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar

Information on the People

Official language: Arabic

Other languages spoken: Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English

Religions: Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5%

Literacy rate: 61.1%

Male/Female Ratio: 1.02 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 58.92 years

Ethnic groups: black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%

Internet users: 1.14 million

Famous people:

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