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Brief History. Once called Tanganyika, this region has been an important element in East African trade routes since antiquity. Both a mainland (Tanganyika) and island (Zanzibar) land, it was inhabited by a variety of native peoples. During the 19th century, Britain and Germany both cast their eyes on Zanzibar, dividing up the territory such that Zanzibar became a British protectorate and Tanganyika, a colony of German East Africa. Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities.
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Country Information
Local name: Tanzania Capital: Dar es Salaam Population: 37,445,392 Government: republic Currency: Tanzanian shilling (TZS) Land size: 945,087 sq km Topography: plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south Typical foods: Major exports: gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton |
Information on the People
Official language: Kiswahili or Swahili, English Other languages spoken: Kiunguja, Arabic, many local languages Religions: mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim Literacy rate: 78.2% Male/Female Ratio: 0.98 male(s) to every 1 female Life expectancy: 45.64 years Ethnic groups: mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African Internet users: 333,000 Famous people: |
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