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Brief History. Richly endowed in natural resources, Ukraine has been fought over and subjugated for centuries; its 20th-century struggle for liberty is not yet complete. A short-lived independence from Russia (1917-1920) was followed by brutal Soviet rule that engineered two artificial famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died, and World War II, in which German and Soviet armies were responsible for some 7 million more deaths. Although independence was attained in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, true freedom remains elusive as many of the former Soviet elite remain entrenched, stalling efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

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Country Information

Local name: Ukrayina

Capital: Kiev (Kyyiv)

Population: 46,710,816

Government: republic

Currency: hryvnia (UAH)

Land size: 603,700 sq km

Topography: most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south

Typical foods:

Major exports: ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, food products

Information on the People

Official language: Ukrainian 67%

Other languages spoken: Russian 24%, small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities

Religions: Ukrainian Orthodox - Kiev Patriarchate 19%, Orthodox (no particular jurisdiction) 16%, Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate 9%, Ukrainian Greek Catholic 6%, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox 1.7%, Protestant, Jewish, none 38%

Literacy rate: 99.7%

Male/Female Ratio: 0.86 male(s) to every 1 female

Life expectancy: 69.98 years

Ethnic groups: Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8%

Internet users: 5,278,100

Famous people: Milla Jovovich, Boris Yeltsin

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News From This Region
Ukraine News by UNIAN (Unian)
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Ukraine loses influential player for World Cup qualifier (People's Daily)
Ukraine have lost Olexandr Aliev ahead of their World Cup qualifier in Croatia on Saturday after the midfielder tore a ligament in his ankle. Aliev, who was influential during Dynamo Kiev's Champions League and UEFA Cup campaigns last season, will be out of action for a month, the Interfax-Ukraine news agency reported on Friday. Croatia have struggled in their Group Seven qualifiers and need to ...