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Brief History. Great Britain, the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. The British Empire, at its zenith, stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. In the first half of the 20th century the UK's strength was seriously depleted in two World Wars, but in the second half witnessed the simantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding ifself into modern and prosperous Europian nation. The UK, as one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, pursues a global approach to foreign policy. Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK.
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